美国如何吸血鬼?
你指的“吸血”,是指特朗普及共和党大肆挥霍政府支出、严重透支美国信用、给百姓带来沉重税负以支撑其疯狂军费开支和极右翼政策吗? 还是指华尔街利用全球央行官员的傀儡身份,通过无极限的量化宽松掠夺全世界财富、推高资产价格、将危机转嫁给民众的吗? 或者说,特罗斯尼克等一众金融大鳄操纵市场、操控媒体、侵吞公民财产、把泡沫吹向金融行业并借助政府的保护不断进行洗劫吗?(注:特罗斯尼克是《大空头》里肖根对决的原型)
或者再具体一点说,是指美联储把全世界人民的血汗钱集中起来送给华尔街的贪婪巨兽们吗? 美联储作为美国的中央银行,拥有绝对的印钞权。它可以通过公开市场操作和无底线量化宽松,直接将货币注入股市、债市等金融产品中,推动资产价格上涨;也可以直接给金融机构或企业贷款,支持他们扩张,从而增加总需求,拉动经济增长。
2008年金融危机期间,美联储向金融系统注入大量流动性,帮助华尔街大佬们逃脱了违约破产的厄运,也间接地救了许多金融衍生品空头们的命——如果没有美联储的救援,许多金融衍生品空头非破产即濒临破产,当时最著名的CDS熔断就与雷曼兄弟的债务违约密切相关。 如果不是美联储开动印钞机无限量放水,那么2008年的金融危机恐怕会造成远超次贷危机的严重衰退。但是,现在金融危机已经过去了十年,美联储却还在持续印钞。 根据美国财政部的数据,自从2008年金融危机以来,美联储总共购买了3.65万亿美元的资产。这些购买的资产不仅包括国债和机构债券,还包括商业房地产抵押贷款、小企业贷款等诸多领域。
除了直接购买以外,美联储还通过资产购买计划为银行提供廉价贷款,支持它们放贷。 按照这个趋势发展下去,谁也不敢揣测最终美联储会印多少美元出来。虽然目前美国经济总量比1929年时增加了近40倍,但美联储的货币增长速度远远超过了GDP的增长,而且这一轮货币增长的源头正是2008年次贷危机后美联储的无休止量化宽松。 我们不知道这无极限的量化宽松之后会发生什么,但我们知道的是,无数的美国居民和企业正在被这疯狂的印钞机一点点吸干。
最后,用《大空头》里面肖根经典对白来结尾: “What are you doing to us?! ” “The world is going to hell in a hand basket and your question is what am I doing to you?! You’re damn right what I'm doing to you! Am I making money on this deal? Yes... but that’s not why I got into this business, ok? My name is Goldman Sachs, not Goldman Sucks! I am here to make money for our shareholders, and by extension the American public who have invested in our company through their pension funds、IRS、or whatever other avenue they might have taken to invest in us. And when we do well, so does everyone else involved, from shareholders to employers to tax collectors……. We all do better with you at the end of the transaction then without you…… So don't be stupid, OK? We aren't stealing from anyone, ok? We are giving you what we think is fair value for what you are giving us…… Why shouldn't we take good care of each other? That’s our job…… Are you kidding me? I build roads every day, and maybe some days there isn't much traffic on those roads, but my paychecks still come in every two weeks just like nobody ever built any roads…… There is no mystery behind this transaction…… The world works on a basis of give and take, you